Relative Clauses Exercises PDFSet 8: Reduced Relative Clauses: Advanced Grammar Practice
20 questions·18 min·Answers included·Explanations included
Preview: Questions
Fill in the blank with the correct option.
1.The researchers ___ the experiment reported unexpected results in their latest publication.
a) conductedb) conductingc) having conductedd) to conduct
2.The data ___ from the survey indicate a significant shift in public opinion.
a) collectingb) having collectedc) to collectd) collected
3.Employees ___ to relocate will receive a generous compensation package.
a) agreedb) to agreec) agreeingd) having been agreed
4.The measures ___ by the government have failed to reduce inflation.
a) introducedb) introducingc) having introducedd) to introduce
5.Amelia Earhart was the first woman ___ solo across the Atlantic Ocean.
a) flyingb) to flyc) flownd) having flown
... and 15 more questions in the PDF
Preview: Answers
1.conducting
2.collected
3.agreeing
4.introduced
5.to fly
... and 15 more answers in the PDF
Preview: Explanations
1."conducting"(b)
The present participle 'conducting' reduces the defining relative clause 'who conducted the experiment'. The active participle is needed because the researchers performed the action. 'Conducted' (past participle) would imply passive meaning ('who were conducted'), which is illogical — researchers conduct experiments, they are not conducted.
2."collected"(d)
The past participle 'collected' reduces 'which were collected from the survey'. The passive form is needed because data are collected by someone — they do not collect themselves. 'Collecting' (active participle) would wrongly imply the data are performing the action of collecting.
3."agreeing"(c)
The present participle 'agreeing' reduces 'who agree to relocate'. The active form is correct because employees are the ones doing the agreeing. 'Agreed' as a past participle would imply a passive reading ('who were agreed'), but the verb 'agree' cannot be passivised with a person as subject in this way. 'Having been agreed' is also passive and ungrammatical here.
4."introduced"(a)
The past participle 'introduced' reduces 'which were introduced by the government'. The passive form is required because the measures were introduced by the government — the measures did not introduce themselves. 'Introducing' (active) would illogically suggest the measures are performing the action.
5."to fly"(b)
After ordinals ('first', 'second', 'last') and superlatives, the to-infinitive is used to reduce a relative clause: 'who flew' → 'to fly'. This is a standard C1 pattern expressing achievement. 'Flying' (present participle) does not correctly convey the achievement sense required after 'first'. 'Flown' is a past participle that would require passive voice, but 'fly' is intransitive here.
... and 15 more explanations in the PDF
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